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The Trauma Craze: How the Expansion of Trauma Diagnoses Fueled Victimhood Culture

Mad in America

Later, DSM-III-R (1987) expanded the definition to include sexual assault, and DSM-IV (1994) emphasized individual responses like fear or helplessness. Originally intended to highlight risk factors, ACE scores are now used by clinicians to diagnose individuals, despite overlooking resilience and individual variations in response to adversity.

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Reimagining Crisis Support: A Conversation with Tina Minkowitz

Mad in America

Some kind of support to cope with it; you might also want to go it alone, or you could rely on the people around you. I think there’s often that kind of dimension, but I don’t really want to make any definitive statement that crisis support should be understood as restorative justice, although I think they are linked.

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